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Racy Wines?

Racy is a word used to describe the amount and style of acidity in a wine. It’s used to describe white wines with high acid, one that tastes vibrant and crisp, and would be applicable to wines like Kiwi Sauvignon Blanc. In terms of the origin of the word, well that beats me. Perhaps a taster thought the vibrancy of the wine was akin to a Ferrari zooming around your mouth. And no, I’m afraid “racy” has nothing to do with anything else.

Is Buying a Vineyard a Good Idea?

Back in the early 1990’s Harry McWatters, the founder of Sumac Ridge winery, was told by all his friends and financial advisors not to buy vineyard land on the Black Sage bench. They thought he was crazy to pay the $3,000 per acre. Fast forward twenty years and Harry was selling that same vineyard for over $200,000 an acre, after making some very good wine from it.

Getting some good advice before you set sail is your first smart move. I can tell you some basic facts about the market. A planted vineyard is currently selling somewhere between $100,000 and $250,000 per acre. The Naramata Bench and parts of the southern Okanagan are on the higher side, and parts of the Similkameen cost less. But you do often get what you pay for, and inexpensive land may cost you more in the long run because of problems with the site.

If you plan on selling the grapes then you’ll have to find a buyer. Buyers usually pay by the ton, and the price varies according to variety and quality. The average prices paid are published by the B.C. Wine Institute every year. Growers often count on producing about 4-6 tons per acre, and selling the grapes for $2,000-$3,000 per ton. But both prices paid for grapes and the tonnages grown can be higher and lower than the figures I’ve quoted.

So if you had a nice little 3 acre vineyard planted to a high quality grape and you cropped it at 4 tons per acre you could probably grow about 12 tons of grapes and sell them at $2,500 per ton. That would create $30,000 in annual revenue.

But of course you’ll have various expenses to manage the vineyard, including things like labour, water and sprays. You can reduce expenses by doing some of the work yourself, but otherwise you could hire a grape grower to take care of it for you. Expect to pay somewhere between $4,000 to $6,000 per acre, or somewhere around $15,000 for your 3 acres, per year.

So in theory you should make a small profit, but don’t forget that actually you’ve signed up to become a farmer. So the weather is now your partner, and some of the severe frosts and winter freezes can be devastating. There are growers that have lost their entire crops in the Okanagan and Similkameen to winter kill in the last few years. No doubt these growers will tell you it’s not a good idea to own a vineyard…

Add to that the fact that disease can cause serious problems, and the market for grapes can fluctuated too. There’s a long list of other reasons that I could roll out to highlight the risks and dangers of owning a vineyard. It would probably put you off.

But what the analysis doesn’t account for is that this is your dream. And who wouldn’t want to own a vineyard, walk through the rows of vines with your dog at your side, tasting grapes in anticipation of the upcoming harvest. It’s magical. And it can work financially.

Just make sure you select a very good vineyard site that minimizes the viticultural risks, ensure it is planted to a grape in high demand, managed by a skillful grower, and get a buyer lined up well before harvest.

A Good Bottle of Wine for $10?

For red wines that’s pretty easy to answer. Malbec from Argentina and Merlot from Chile are the best quality wines on the market that I’ve tasted for under $10. In fact, I’ve often found them to be as good as wines priced at $15-$20 from a host of other countries. The reason that these are such a good deal is because land and labour cost a fraction of what they do in most other countries, and the weather is pretty reliable enabling producers to get the grapes nice and ripe almost every year. If you’re looking for a European wine, I find that Portugal can offer amazing value, although the wines often seem to be much tougher, more rustic, and need some food to soften them up.

When it comes to white wines, it really depends on what type of grape or wine style you like. There are some good German Rieslings on the market for around $10, although these often have some sweetness. Chilean Sauvignon Blanc is the best value for a clean, crisp, snappy white that you can sip by itself. Australian Chardonnay has changed in style and is not as oaky as it used to be, and frankly most people have a tough time telling them apart from a $60 white Burgundy.

The bottom line is that there are some pretty decent wines on the market for less than $10. To put things in perspective, when someone pays over $100 for a bottle they are, at least in part, paying for a dream, an image, or a notion that they want to associate themselves with. Buying luxury goods can make you feel good, and some wineries like to be priced in a zone that is “reassuringly expensive”. Obviously expensive wines can be much better quality than your sub $10 bottle, but sometimes I wonder if the factor of price to quality can be justified.

Working the Vineyard

The most fun I’ve ever had in the last 20 years working in the wine trade has definitely been working vintages. I’ve been fortunate to do a few of them in Bordeaux and Australia, and one in Napa and the Okanagan.

It’s certainly the best way to learn about wine, and I’ve always been perplexed by so-called wine experts that have never done this. You can’t learn everything from a book.

My advice would be to pick a country or a winery where they speak your language. You won’t learn much if you can’t understand a word they’re saying. Next, give yourself a minimum of 3-4 weeks so you can see a good chunk of the process and keep in mind that harvest in the southern hemisphere is in our Spring.

To land a job, simply email dozens of producers in the targeted area offering your services. The directories of all the wineries can usually be found on the national trade associations website, such as Wines of Chile.

Wineries often take on additional “cellar rats” at harvest, and if you can show you are keen and reliable then sooner or later someone will take you on. If you offer to work for free then the replies come back much faster… Some of the places I worked at gave you accommodation, meals and a small payment.

The critical thing is to find a winery that will let you move from one task to another, so you get to work in the vineyard sampling grapes, then working the crusher/destemmer/presses, managing ferments, working in the barrel cellar and the lab etc.. That way you’ll maximize your learning experience. Don’t get stuck picking grapes for a month.

Your best bet might be to make friends with a visiting winemaker to a local wine festival. When you’re asking for a job in person you’ll have more chance of success, especially if you smile pretty.

Food and Wine Pairing – An Introduction

There are several useful guidelines in food and wine matching that you may want to consider. The whole point is to make both the food and the wine enhance one another, so the experience is even more pleasurable. It should be a happy marriage, where both compliment and neither party is too over-powering.

One of the most important guidelines is to match by the intensity of flavor. Some foods, like spicy Asian dishes, can be very strong and so it is important to have a powerfully flavored wine to stand up to them. Chilled German Riesling, Gewurztraminer from Alsace, or a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc can stand up to powerful spicy foods, and also have the benefit of being more refreshing than a red wine because of the service temperature.

On the other hand, more delicate foods pair better with less intense wines. Oysters and Muscadet, crab and Sancerre, smoked salmon and bubbly are some good matches.

Another useful tip is to pair food and wines according to their weight. If you have heavy food, like a steak, then it generally pairs better with a fuller bodied red wine, like a Cabernet or a Merlot. If you then put a peppercorn sauce on the steak you are increasing the level of flavor intensity, and so now maybe an even more powerful red, like an Aussie Shiraz or a California Zinfandel, would work better. On the other hand, you can take my word for it that oysters and Shiraz don’t make for a happy marriage.

Highly acidic foods can be tricky to pair with wines. The important thing to know is that high acid wines taste softer when paired with dishes containing a lot of citrus, or tomato. Many Italian red wines can be quite acidic, but when they are drunk with pasta in a tomato sauce, or a Pizza, they become much more enjoyable. So when in Rome, do as the Romans. That’s to say, look for the classic regional pairings.

Finally, there is a myth that red wines pairs well with all types of cheeses, but this is simply not true. For soft cheeses, like chevre, the ideal wine is a crisp dry white like a Sauvignon Blanc, which can cut through the creaminess of the cheese. This can be a great way to start a meal, served as an appetizer.

There are some good books on food and wine matching, like “What to Drink with What you Eat” where these guidelines are explained more in-depth, along with several others. Given that you might be eating and drinking for a few more years, it’s probably worth buying.

Managing Your Wine Cellar

To help manage your wine cellar, go to www.CellarTracker.com and all your questions will be answered. This is an excellent site that has become the most popular wine website in the world for managing your cellar. There are hundreds of reviews on thousands of different wines so you’ll be able to decide when it’s time to crack each bottle.

In wine, as with many things, timing is everything. Drink a wine too early and it may not be ready to reveal its full potential. Wait until it is too old and it won’t have the energy it once did.

But fine wines can be very odd creatures. I remember opening a thirty year old red Burgundy at a family dinner, and it smelt and tasted terrible. I thought it was dead, and we’d waited too long. So I started pouring several bottles of it down the sink. I ended up leaving some wine in one of the bottles and, out of curiosity, tasted it the next day. It had evolved into one of the greatest red Burgundies I’ve ever had. Sorry Mum…

Joie de Vivre to Mankind

Re-integrating into society after a month visiting producers in Bordeaux, Champagne and Germany has not been easy. I need counseling, just like my rapper buddy “M”, but for different reasons. The world’s become trigger happy, firing billions of useless emails at each other. Leave me alone. Twitter your own self.

All I want to do is go and visit great producers and learn about wine. What I find fascinating, my own curious topic of interest, is how people transform grapes into a drink that can give so much pleasure, stimulate conversation, laughter, friendship, and bring a joie de vivre to mankind.

I was fascinated to watch a barrel-maker at Smith Haut Lafitte assemble a barrique. He makes 3 barrels per day. That’s his job. And he was a Master, one of the few in France. But he was so humble that he would only sign his name on the inside of each barrel, so only the wine could see it.

The wood was hand-selected from certain forests in France, by smelling and tasting the raw timber. It was then air–dried for 3 years outside to season it, and let the green tannins seep out of the staves. The toasting is an art-form.

And how about Michel Rolland at Le Bon Pasteur in Pomerol. He’s about to transform fine red winemaking with his new techniques of fermenting red wines inside new oak barrels. He takes the head off a barrel, fills it with grapes, does a cold soak using dry ice, and then triggers a ferment. Winemaking books will be re-written. Life will never be the same.

And what about Johannes Selbach from the Mosel, who is cutting open individual clusters to thin them out so that there is better air circulation in a challenging vintage, like 2010, where rot is prevalent. The amount of labour to do that is beyond belief. But the wines are beyond belief too.

As for the Champenois, with their 400 kilometers of underground cellars, (listen, that’s enough to go from Vancouver to the Okanagan, so stop and think about that for a second), well, they say they’re just starting to understand that the bubbles are the mechanism that transports the aromatic molecules to the surface, and their size impacts the degree of intensity on the nose. Tasting 12 Champagnes with the Head Winemaker from Lanson, who has been there for 37 years, was an experience.

Otherwise, Olaf the mad German and I are filming the harvest in Napa at the iconic producers Trefethen and Spring Mountain Vineyard. And I can’t wait for our next gig on Crystal Cruises because there’s no phone reception, and the little kids and I can hang out in the nightclub during the day.

FOR THE CELLAR:

Frescobaldi, CastelGiocondo, Brunello di Montalcino, Riserva 2003
Unbelieveable complexity and will go for another 6-8 years at least. Superb. You can try one now and if you like it then buy more.

Two Hands, Max’s Garden, Heathcote, Shiraz, Aust. 2007
Very dense and rich but excellent balance and not stewed. Another 5-7 years easy. Don’t drink now.

Pio Cesare, Ornato, Barolo, Italy, 2005
OMG. Better than bad sex.

Nicolas Potel, Volnay, Burgundy, 2005
Very stylish. Good deal. Excellent vintage. 3-5 years easy.

Nicolas Potel, Pommard, 1er Cru Epenots, Burgundy 2002
Good drinking now but will hold at least 2-4 years. Already quite barnyardy so watch out if you don’t like that style. Volnay is much fresher.

Markus Molitor, Wehlener Sonnenuhr, Spatlese, Riesling 2007
Spectacular. Will age 10-15 years min.

Fritz Haag, Brauneberger Juffer Sonnenuhr, Riesling Auslese, 2007
To die for. Sweet wine. Drink now through 2025, seriously.

Blends versus single varietal wines

Blends are not necessarily better than single varietal wines. Otherwise, all wines would be blends.

It is true that by blending different grape varieties together you can sometimes create a higher quality wine. Some of the great wines of the world are blends, such as Port, which typically has 5 or 6 different varieties blended together. A certain variety may bring depth of color, another stronger aromatic intensity, another tannic structure, and all combined there can be a myriad of different aromas and flavors that creates complexity – the Holy Grail in wine quality. Bordeaux, most Champagne, many of the Super-Tuscans and Sauternes are all examples of top quality blended wines.

But many of the world’s great wines are also made from one single variety. Fine red and white Burgundy, Barossa Shiraz, Sancerre, Napa Valley Cabernet, and Sonoma Zinfandel are all single varietal wines that are clearly outstanding examples of their type.

What is often forgotten is that all wines are blends, even single varietal wines. A wine could be a blend of multiple vineyards of the same variety. Or a wine might be a blend of different clones of the same variety from a single vineyard. Even when blending the final wine from a single grape there will likely be significant differences amongst the various “lots” that a winemaker has to draw from.

Personally, I’d rather drink a single varietal wine most of the time. This helps you understand the style of that varietal in a certain place. But hey, it’s not like I’d turn down a Bordeaux or Port either.

Port – Happy Endings

Great dinner parties are marked by a spectacular beginning and a climatic ending.

The beginning is usually done pretty well. Champagne hits the mark, especially when served in magnums. Sabering a bottle leaves everybody riveted, mainly because they’re waiting to see if you cut off your fingers.

But the initial excitement can fade when white and red wines are then served. It’s difficult to keep up the momentum. So to ensure that your guests leave on a high note, you’ve got to go out with a bang. And that’s where the Port comes in.

It sits in a decanter, gently breathing for 2-3 hours. The bottle stands beside it. There is a vintage date boldly marked on the label. The wine is older than you.

A glass is poured, people sip, and the OMG’s start flying. It’s the climax.

There are other ways to finish off. You could go for a Sherry but I’d be careful with that. You may ruin the night as many people don’t like the unique tastes, and you’ll be left sitting there trying to convince everyone that it’s such an amazing wine. Irritated, you’ll go to bed grumpy about the lack of sophistication of your guests and they’ll leave gossiping about how awful that last wine was, and accusing you of prematurely ageing. Grannies drink Sherry.

Madeira could be an option, but again, you’re playing with fire. You can hold court with tales of how they originally made the wine, shipping it across the equator so that it would literally cook. Chances are that guests will be intrigued, and then a comment will slip out from someone about how they think the story is amazing but they don’t really like the wine. No offence, of course. And so the climax is ruined.

So you’re left with Port, a wine that is sure to please both the casual drinker and the connoisseur. It’s partly the sweetness, but it’s also the rich dark fruits and chocolaty flavors, the full-body and heady power that people fall in love with every time. And don’t get me started on those Tawnies.

It’s one of the most amazing wine regions for several different reasons. First, it’s located in one of the most arid and rugged places on earth. The vineyards have been planted on steep terraces cut out of brutally hard rock. Sometimes they have to use dynamite to blow a hole in the rock so they can plant a vine. The fact that the terracing was done by hand, using a pick and a shovel, over 300 years ago, simply defies belief. This is the Machu Picchu of wine regions.

Then you have the fact that much of the vineyard work is still done by hand. Most of the terraces are so steep and narrow there’s no hope of racing around in a big machine harvester. You typically see Portuguese women wandering through the vineyards tending to the vines, and sometimes dusting them with a spray, all done by hand.

When it comes to quality control, you can’t just buy any old vineyard in the Douro valley and start making Port. No, you’ll be told if your vineyard merits making Port by the local regulators, and then they’ll tell you how much Port you can make. So the viticultural aspects are strictly controlled in order to maintain a minimum quality standard, unlike in much of the world.

In fact, each vineyard is classified on a scale of A-F. It’s kind of like being at school. If you’re grade A then your vineyard has the best terroir and you have the most chance of making high quality Port. If you’re graded F then I’m afraid you’re not allowed to make any Port at all.

And so in this way the regulators, called the IVP, ensure that poor quality vineyards don’t make Port and they also regulate the volume produced so there isn’t a surplus. The Australians could have benefited from this type of regulation, given that they estimate to have over 30% too many vineyards.

Another fascinating aspect of viticulture in the Douro valley is the grape varieties they have planted. Over 80 different varieties have been identified. All of them have bizarre Portuguese names, and in some vineyards there are dozens of different varieties interplanted, even in the same row. In fact, for the longest time, growers didn’t even know what they had in the vineyards. It just made Port.

But over the years about 5 different grape varieties have been deemed to produce the finest Port. People often use Bordeaux as an example of the benefits of blending varieties, but Port is a better one. Touriga Nacional forms the backbone, Tinta Barroca adds color and dark fruit characters, Tinta Amarela contributes fragrance, Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo) adds flesh, and Tinta Cao notches up the complexity. The art of blending is the ultimate skill in fine winemaking.

So the grapes are harvested. They arrive at the winery, called a Quinta, and they are unloaded into lagares, which are concrete tanks about the size of a paddling pool. The pickers then jump in, thigh deep in red grapes, and start stomping. This is to extract as much color, flavor and tannin from the grapes as fast as possible and the human foot does a great job. This is the preferred method at the top estates.

Even the foot stomping is regulated. The Boss orders the stompers to march up and down the tank, back and forth, to the sound of a drum. After a few hours, and if you’ve behaved, he’ll announce the libertad and then the party starts in the lagar. Wine is swigged from pig-skins. Music plays. People smoke. Passion and character is infused into the dark red nectar. You see, squeaky clean winemaking can rob a wine of character.

Along comes the winemaker, and when there is around 6-9% alcohol from the fermentation, he’ll add a powerful grape spirit at 77%. The yeast dies as soon as they come into contact with such a strong potion, and so the ferment is arrested, and the wine is left partly sweet. It’s half fermented grape juice.

They then put the wine into barrels, and usually transport it down to the coast, to Vila Nova de Gaia, where it becomes the responsibility of the cellar master. Arguably his most important job is to decide what style of Port each batch of wine will make. In Port, there’s a range of qualities and styles.

To cut to the chase, my favorite is the 20 year old Tawny. And that’s mainly because you don’t often see, or get to taste, the 30 or 40 year olds. Tawny Ports are the preferred style for many of the Portuguese shippers. They find it smoother, more refined, and easier drinking in the heat of the Douro. You can serve it slightly chilled.

What’s fascinating about Tawny Port is the fact that it is aged for so incredibly long. Twenty years is the average age of the wines found inside a 20 year old Tawny. So the producers are holding stocks for decades, and decades. They must have lunch with the bank at least once a month.

An aged Tawny turns a brownish red color and becomes the epitome of smooth, with all the tannin integrated or dissipated. The toffee, nuts, raisins, and butterscotch are so silky, yet rich and concentrated. It’s power and elegance. It is surely the most enjoyable Port to sip by itself.

Of course, Port from a single vintage is the ultimate for many. This is arguably THE greatest fortified wine in the world, capable of ageing for half a century or more. It is only the finest parcels in the greatest years when a vintage is “declared” by a House, and that is after the IVP regulators have approved the quality as “vintage”.

Now vintage Ports can be pricey, especially the latest and greatest 2007 vintage. But I always search out the older ones, like the 1994, or even older, because they are ready to drink and cost much less. Cost aside, when you hit the mark with a vintage Port, served with Stilton, it’s an experience. Raisin, milk chocolate, sweet black cherries, spices, density, and built like a Roman palace.

But the best kept secret in Port has got to be Late Bottle Vintage, or LBV. LBV is a wine from a single year that must have been aged for between 4-6 years in cask before being bottled and released. It’s wine that didn’t make the cut for the “vintage” batches.

But keep in mind that some years they don’t make vintage Port and so LBV becomes the next closest thing, and at least half the price. It’s the best deal you’ll find in fortified wine. For less than $30 you can be drinking a wine that is dark and inky, heady and perfumed, and explodes with flavor.

The best dinners are ones when the room is filled with laughter. Great wine is the catalyst. So next time you’re planning a party make sure you pick up a bottle of Port, maybe a mousse au chocolate, a few truffles, and some Stilton. Happy ending guaranteed.

STYLE, PRODUCER & FOOD PAIRING

10 Year Old Tawny, Grahams – chilled, by itself

20 Year Old Tawny, Taylor Fladgate with a caramel tart

LBV, Dows 2004 with mousse au chocolat

Vintage, Fonseca 2001 Panascal with stilton

Vintage, Dows 2007 with truffles and cheese

Alcohol in wine

The alcohol degree is one of the key things I always look at on the label. When I was 19 my motives were different from today, and naturally back then I was looking for a low alcohol wine so I could still do my homework.

But today I look at the alcohol degree because it can tell you so much about what a wine will taste like. The more sugar there is in the grape, the higher the potential alcohol. So if the grape comes from a hot climate it will typically have become very ripe, and contain a large amount of sugar that can be turned into alcohol.

Conversely, if a grape was grown in a cool climate, or comes from a cooler vintage, then the amount of sugar will be much lower and the alcohol degree in the wine will be less.

So how does that change the taste of wine? A Chardonnay from a cool area, such as Chablis, will have less alcohol, less body, greener fruit flavors, and crisper acidity. Don’t forget that in the ripening process acidity comes down as sugar content builds.

If you have a Chardonnay from a hotter climate, which will result in higher alcohol, there will be riper flavors in the wine. Also, there will typically be more body and a degree of sweetness, however subtle that may be. The high alcohol wine will also have a certain warmth on the palate, noted by the heat on your breath.

So if I see on the label that the alcohol degree is low to moderate (generally 12-13%) then I have an idea of the level of body, ripeness, sweetness, and acidity in the wine. If I see it is 14% or more then it should be a full bodied wine with riper flavors, some warmth from the alcohol and a touch of fruit sweetness.

Unfortunately you can’t try wine before you buy it. So you have to use everything you can on the label to get a general idea of how it might taste.